This article provides an in-depth look at rheumatoid arthritis, covering its causes, symptoms, stages, and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of early management and a balanced diet to control inflammation and prevent long-term joint damage. Ideal for those seeking comprehensive information about RA, this guide supports informed healthcare decisions.

Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Signs & Management Tips

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks joint tissues, causing inflammation, swelling, and discomfort. If left untreated, it may lead to cartilage deterioration, joint instability, and limited mobility over time. Approximately 1.5 million people in the country are affected, mainly women aged 30 to 60, though men can also develop RA. Its exact origin is unclear, but genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors contribute to triggering the immune response, especially in those with a family history.

Factors such as infections, obesity, physical or emotional trauma, and environmental toxins can increase risk. Symptoms mainly affect joints but may also impact other organs, presenting as morning stiffness, pain, tenderness, swelling, and stiffness. The disease can also cause vision problems, skin nodules, respiratory issues, nerve damage, and anemia depending on severity.

Rheumatoid arthritis advances through multiple stages:

Stage 1: Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness without bone damage.

Stage 2: Synovial inflammation causes cartilage erosion.

Stage 3: Damage to cartilage and bones, increased pain, and reduced mobility.

Stage 4: Severe joint destruction and possible bone fusion (ankylosis).

Managing RA effectively involves reducing inflammation, easing symptoms, preventing further joint and organ damage, and lowering long-term risks. Treatment options include:

NSAIDs for pain relief

Corticosteroids for rapid inflammation control

DMARDs and biologics to slow disease progression

Surgical procedures like joint replacements for severe joint damage, involving hips, knees, shoulders, elbows, or wrists.

Diet is vital in managing RA. Prioritize anti-inflammatory foods such as fatty fish (salmon, sardines), vibrant fruits and vegetables (blueberries, spinach, broccoli), nuts (walnuts, almonds), and beans (pinto, black). Limit processed, salty, fatty, and sugary foods to reduce inflammation. Keeping salt intake in check is especially recommended.

Note: This overview offers general information. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment or lifestyle change for rheumatoid arthritis.