Learn about eczema, its different types, causes, symptoms, and management strategies. This guide covers atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and essential tips for skin health, highlighting the importance of identifying triggers to prevent flare-ups. Understand the condition's prevalence, genetic factors, and environmental influences to better manage and seek appropriate care for eczema.

Eczema, also called dermatitis, refers to various skin conditions marked by inflammation, dryness, and irritation. Common signs include itchy, painful skin that can become cracked, hardened, or crusted. In severe cases, blisters or infections may develop. Around 31 million Americans suffer from eczema symptoms, with 17.8 million diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. The condition often appears on elbows, wrists, knees, and lower legs but can occur anywhere. Flare-ups are common but not contagious. Main types include genetic-driven atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis caused by external irritants or allergens.

Atopic dermatitis is a persistent inflammatory disorder often inherited through mutations in the FLG gene, impacting skin hydration and barrier integrity. A compromised skin barrier increases vulnerability to allergens and bacteria, raising infection risk. The immune response is also affected. The rise in cases is partly linked to the hygiene hypothesis, which suggests overly sanitized environments hinder immune development. Usually beginning in infancy, atopic eczema may improve or continue into adulthood with varying severity. Environmental factors also play a role in triggering flare-ups.

Contact dermatitis results from external substances such as pollen, cleaning products, cosmetics, or environmental toxins. It causes skin inflammation regardless of genetic background and can be a single reaction or become chronic with repeated exposure. Continued contact can lead to scratching, increasing infection risk. Accurate identification and avoidance of triggers are key to managing this condition.

Disclaimer: The content provided is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek guidance from qualified healthcare professionals for diagnosis and treatment.