This article explores the stages of liver damage caused by hepatitis C, emphasizing the progression to cirrhosis and its severe symptoms at stage four. It highlights how the immune response leads to fibrosis, the risks involved, and the importance of early detection and treatment to prevent irreversible liver damage.

Progression and Impact of Advanced Liver Disease in Chronic Hepatitis C

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection gradually damages the liver, leading to scar formation and fibrosis over time. The disease develops in four stages, starting with mild inflammation and progressing to severe liver scarring or cirrhosis. At stage four, liver function is severely impaired due to extensive tissue damage.

The immune system releases inflammatory substances that promote collagen buildup, resulting in scar tissue. Excessive collagen leads to fibrosis, which disrupts blood flow and damages liver cells, increasing the risk of liver failure.

This process, called fibrosis, blocks blood circulation and destroys liver cells, progressing to cirrhosis. Stage four indicates severe liver injury and a heightened chance of liver cancer. Early stages often lack noticeable symptoms, but at stage four, patients may experience:

Brusing and bleeding easily

Mental confusion

Itching skin

Persistent fatigue

Swelling in legs and abdomen

Nausea and vomiting

Reduced appetite

Jaundice

Unintentional weight loss

HCV transmission occurs through shared needles, unprotected sexual contact, or from mother to child. Recognizing symptoms early and consulting a healthcare provider is crucial for managing liver health.