This article explains gout, focusing on its causes, risk factors, and preventive measures. It highlights genetic, dietary, medical, and lifestyle influences that contribute to high uric acid levels and gout development. Understanding these factors can help in early intervention and effective management of the condition.

Gout results from high uric acid levels in the blood, influenced by various factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, health conditions, and diet.

Triggers that may lead to gout episodes include:

Genetic enzyme deficiencies
Conditions like Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome involve the absence of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme key to uric acid regulation, raising gout risk.

Existing health issues
Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney issues, and heart disease, as well as rapid weight loss, can contribute to developing gout.

Recent injuries or surgeries may also increase susceptibility.

Medications
Long-term use of drugs like niacin, diuretics, aspirin, or immunosuppressants can elevate uric acid levels, triggering gout episodes.

Age and gender considerations
Men often experience gout earlier (30s to 50s), while women are more vulnerable post-menopause due to increased uric acid.

Dietary factors
Eating purine-rich foods such as red meats, seafood, and alcohol can provoke gout. Fructose-sweetened beverages also raise uric acid levels.

Body weight
Overweight individuals face higher risks because excess tissues produce more uric acid, and kidney elimination may be less effective.

Family history
Genetics play a role, with approximately 20-80% of gout patients having relatives with the condition.