Learn about the causes, symptoms, and diagnostic options for neck lymph node swelling. Understand when to see a doctor and the steps involved in diagnosing conditions like infections, autoimmune diseases, or cancer. Early detection and professional advice are key to effective treatment.

Neck Lymph Node Swelling: Causes, Symptoms, and Detection Strategies

Swelling of lymph nodes in the neck often indicates that your body is combating an infection or illness. These enlarged glands, known as lymph nodes, usually reduce in size once the underlying issue resolves. Lymph nodes are crucial components of the lymphatic system, contributing significantly to immune defense and overall health.

Learn essential information about neck lymphadenopathy here.

Reasons for lymph node enlargement

These small, bean-shaped organs contain immune cells called lymphocytes, which fight infections and toxins.

During infections, lymphocytes trigger swelling as part of immune response.

Common illnesses like colds or ear infections often cause prominent swelling in neck lymph nodes.

Less frequent causes include:

Tuberculosis affecting lymph nodes outside the lungs.

Autoimmune disorders such as lupus.

Cancers including lymphoma or leukemia impacting the lymphatic or blood systems.

Signs to seek medical advice

Sudden swelling that appears quickly rather than gradually.

Unusually large or hard, immovable lumps.

Persistent swelling lasting more than five days in children or over two weeks in adults.

Red or purple discoloration around the swelling.

Additional symptoms like unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or swelling elsewhere.

Diagnostic methods

PET scan: Detects chemical activity to identify malignancies or other conditions.

CT scan: Provides detailed visuals to determine the size and location of abnormalities.

Biopsy: Extracting tissue samples for microscopic examination to find the cause.

Accurate diagnosis guides appropriate treatment, which may involve antibiotics, radiotherapy, or surgery. Consulting healthcare professionals is essential for proper management of neck lymph node swelling.