Learn about melanoma, its risk factors, and early detection strategies to improve outcomes. Recognizing changes in moles and understanding risk factors can lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment, preventing cancer spread.
Melanocytes are specialized skin cells that produce melanin, giving color to our skin, hair, and eyes. When these cells turn cancerous, it results in melanoma. Usually appearing on men's backs or chests and women's legs, melanoma can also develop on the face, neck, palms, soles, or under nails. Identifying risk factors and early warning signs is essential for prompt treatment.
Risk Factors
Although the exact causes are still being researched, certain factors increase risk. Excessive sun exposure, especially in childhood, and severe sunburn history are key contributors. Genetic mutations, fair skin with freckles, red or blonde hair, and numerous or atypical moles are also risk factors. Individuals with large birthmarks, family history of melanoma, weakened immune health, or specific treatments are more vulnerable. Conditions like FAMMM syndrome or immunosuppressive therapy further heighten risk.
Early Signs
Since melanoma can spread quickly, early detection is critical. Watch for moles that alter in shape, size, or color—particularly if they are asymmetrical, have uneven borders, or show multiple colors. Additional signs include growth, bleeding, itching, or shape change. The ABCDE rule can help: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter exceeding 6 mm, and Evolving features. Immediate professional evaluation upon noticing these signs can prevent metastasis. Symptoms such as bone pain, headaches, weight loss, cough, or swollen lymph nodes may indicate advanced melanoma and require urgent care.
Regular skin checks and early medical consultation are vital for effective melanoma management and better prognosis.
