This article offers a comprehensive overview of multiple myeloma, highlighting its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. It explains how abnormal plasma cell growth impacts health and discusses diagnostic methods and therapies like stem cell transplantation and targeted drugs, emphasizing the importance of early detection and advanced treatment approaches.

Multiple myeloma is an uncommon blood cancer that primarily impacts plasma cells, crucial components of our immune system. It is a subtype of blood cancer requiring specialized treatment approaches. In this article, we discuss what multiple myeloma is, its symptoms, potential causes, and available therapies.

What is Multiple Myeloma: Normally, blood comprises various cells, including red and white blood cells. When abnormal plasma cell growth occurs, it leads to multiple myeloma, disrupting normal blood functions and immunity.

In this condition, malignant plasma cells produce excess immunoglobulins, causing damage to organs, bones, and skin. The overgrowth hampers healthy blood cells, increasing infection risk and other health issues.

Causes: The exact cause of multiple myeloma is still unclear. It most often affects those over 65, especially individuals from specific ethnic backgrounds or with a family history. Existing plasma cell disorders can also elevate the risk.

Symptoms: Early signs are subtle, including fatigue, weakness, bone or joint pain, and decreased appetite, often leading to delayed diagnosis. As it advances, patients may experience weight loss, frequent infections, and organ problems.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Blood tests such as CBC, calcium, and protein levels assist in diagnosis. Treatment strategies include stem cell transplants, chemotherapy, targeted medications, and stem cell banking for future needs.