Explore the key aspects of multiple myeloma, including its causes, symptoms, risk factors, and available treatments. Learn how this blood cancer affects the body and the strategies used for management. Early detection and therapy can help control disease progression, although a complete cure remains challenging.

Comprehensive Overview of Multiple Myeloma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Strategies

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer characterized by the abnormal growth of plasma cells. These malignant cells produce excessive proteins and defective antibodies, accumulating in the bone marrow. This buildup compromises immune function and raises infection risks.

Factors Influencing Risk

While the exact cause remains uncertain, risk increases with age, male gender, obesity, radiation exposure, certain job hazards, family history, and underlying plasma cell disorders.

Initial symptoms are often subtle but may include:

Bone discomfort, especially in the spine and chest

Persistent nausea and constipation

Decreased appetite

Mental fog or confusion

Fatigue and muscle weakness

Recurring infections

Unintentional weight reduction

Numbness in the legs and weakness

Excessive thirst

While there’s no definitive cure, treatment options aim to control disease progression, including:

Chemotherapy: Drugs like Melphalan and Etoposide are used, often before stem cell transplants.

Targeted Therapies: Agents like Bortezomib and Carfilzomib focus on destroying cancer cells precisely.

Corticosteroids: Dexamethasone helps reduce inflammation and attack cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays eliminate localized cancer cells.

Stem Cell Transplant: Replacing diseased marrow with healthy stem cells helps to slow or halt disease progression.