This article provides an in-depth overview of non-small cell lung cancer, exploring its causes, typical symptoms, and available treatment options. Emphasizing early detection and tailored therapies, it highlights the importance of understanding risk factors and advancements in treatment to improve patient outcomes.

Lung cancer is a significant health concern worldwide, affecting both genders. It arises when normal cells in the lungs become cancerous, forming tumors that hinder breathing. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype, with smoking being the primary risk factor, contributing to up to 90% of cases. Other factors like environmental toxins and genetic predispositions also influence its development.

Symptoms often include a persistent cough, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and recurrent lung infections. Early detection greatly improves treatment outcomes since localized tumors are easier to treat. Depending on the stage and patient health, options include surgery, immunotherapy, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.

Surgical procedures such as lobectomy or segmentectomy are effective when diagnosed early. Minimally invasive methods like thoracoscopy are also used. Immunotherapy agents like nivolumab and pembrolizumab have shown success, especially in advanced cases. Radiation and chemotherapy are common in late-stage treatment to relieve symptoms and prevent spread. Neoadjuvant therapy helps reduce tumor size before surgery, while targeted therapies attack specific cancer cells, often in combination with other treatments.

Understanding risk factors, early diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans are essential to improve survival rates in NSCLC patients.