Kawasaki disease is a rare pediatric condition impacting children under five, characterized by high fever, skin rashes, swollen extremities, and redness of the mouth and eyes. Although its exact cause is unknown, infections and genetic factors are suspected. Recognizing its symptoms in early stages is crucial for effective treatment and preventing complications, especially heart inflammation. This comprehensive overview highlights symptoms across three phases and emphasizes early diagnosis for better health outcomes.

Understanding Kawasaki Disease: Causes and Observable Signs

Kawasaki disease, also called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, was first identified in Japanese children during the 1960s. Mostly impacting those under five, this uncommon illness occurs at a rate of 9 to 20 cases per 100,000 children annually. Recognizing its potential causes and symptoms is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Possible Causes of Kawasaki Disease
While the exact cause remains unclear, infectious agents like bacteria or viruses are suspected triggers. A weakened immune response and genetic susceptibility may also play roles.

Kawasaki disease is contagious and can spread between individuals. Some researchers believe bacterial toxins called superantigens, produced by streptococci or staphylococci bacteria, may activate immune responses causing inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis). Genetic factors may also contribute, as the disease can run in families.

Main Signs of Kawasaki Disease
Children exhibit various symptoms across three stages:

Stage 1
This initial phase lasts up to two weeks. Fever persists or fluctuates, often resistant to standard medications. Skin rashes may appear, and fingers and toes can swell, turn red, become hard, and be painful, hindering movement. Lips, mouth, and tongue may swell or turn red. Swollen lymph nodes and conjunctivitis are also typical.

Stage 2
The sub-acute phase lasts about two weeks, with symptoms like abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, pus in urine, peeling skin, and swollen joints emerging.

Stage 3
During recovery, most symptoms improve, but fatigue caused by previous inflammation and discomfort can last up to a month, even after treatment.