This article provides key treatment guidelines for early-stage melanoma, outlining procedures for stages 0, I, and II. It describes surgical options, biopsies, and post-surgical considerations to effectively manage early melanoma and prevent progression, emphasizing the importance of tailored treatment based on tumor stage and location.

The treatment plan for melanoma varies based on its stage, location, and patient health. This article highlights essential management strategies for early-stage melanoma.

Treatment for Stage 0 Melanoma

At this initial phase, melanoma is limited to the outer skin layer, the epidermis. Usually, doctors perform a wide local excision to remove the tumor along with a small margin of healthy skin.

After surgery, the removed tissue is examined microscopically. If cancer cells are found at the edges, a second excision may be needed. Some specialists also consider treatments such as imiquimod cream (Zyclara) or radiation therapy.

Management of Stage I Melanoma

For stage I melanomas, surgical removal with a margin of healthy skin is standard. The margin size depends on tumor thickness and location.

In certain situations, a sentinel lymph node biopsy is advised, especially for stage IB or high-risk tumors. If the sentinel lymph node contains cancer cells, lymph node removal may be performed, though its effect on survival remains under study.

Treatment for Stage II Melanoma

Stage II management mainly involves wide excision of the affected area with a small margin. Because of potential spread to nearby lymph nodes, sentinel lymph node biopsy is often recommended. If cancer is found in the sentinel node, complete lymph node dissection might be performed to remove affected nodes.