This comprehensive article explains influenza causes, prevention methods, and vaccination options. It covers vaccine details, how it works, administration guidelines, target groups, precautions, and possible side effects, aiming to educate and promote flu prevention effectively.

Introduction

Influenza, widely known as the flu, is caused by a contagious virus. Unlike bacterial infections, antibiotics are ineffective against the flu. Managing symptoms such as fever, aches, and exhaustion is key, with antiviral medications helping to shorten illness duration if administered within the first 48 hours. Rest, hydration, and proper care are essential. Without timely treatment or in immunocompromised individuals, influenza can lead to severe conditions like pneumonia. Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent infection and its complications.

Vaccine Information

The seasonal flu shot, known as the Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (brand: Fluarix Tetra), offers protection against four key strains. It includes antigens derived from:

A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like strain

A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like strain

B/Brisbane/60/2008-like strain

B/Phuket/3073/2013-like strain

Each 0.5 ml dose contains 15 micrograms of hemagglutinin per strain, aiming to shield against these four viruses.

Functionality

The vaccine prompts the immune system to produce specific antibodies targeting the virus strains. These antibodies help neutralize the viruses, conferring active immunity against influenza.

Administration Timing

The flu vaccine should be administered once annually, ideally before peak flu season starting in October.

Who Should Get Vaccinated

It is recommended for everyone aged 3 and above. Children aged 3 to 9 who haven't been vaccinated previously should receive a second dose after four weeks.

Precautionary Measures

Review medical history, including past vaccinations and any adverse reactions.

Ensure medical support is available in case of allergic responses.

Avoid vaccination during active fever or severe illness.

Administer only via intramuscular injection; avoid intravenous routes.

People with bleeding disorders should exercise caution to prevent bleeding at the injection site.

Pregnant women should consult healthcare providers to weigh risk versus benefit before vaccination.

Potential Side Effects

Most common reactions include soreness at the injection site, fatigue, mild headache, muscle aches, and slight fever. Rarely, reactions such as dizziness, rash, or swelling may occur. Serious side effects are uncommon.

Administration Details

The vaccine is delivered via intramuscular injection into the deltoid or thigh using a 0.5 ml dose. Proper injection technique is crucial to minimize adverse reactions.