Learn about the different types of arthritis, their symptoms, and available treatments. Discover how degenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and infectious forms affect joints and overall health, along with management options and when to seek medical help.

Understanding Arthritis: An Overview of Types, Signs, and Treatments

Arthritis refers to a group of joint conditions marked by pain, swelling, and stiffness, often leading to disability. While common in middle-aged adults, it can also affect children due to injuries, gout, or immune system issues. Typical symptoms include joint discomfort, swelling, limited mobility, and stiffness, with some forms affecting organs like the eyes or kidneys. The condition varies widely, with different types requiring diverse treatment approaches.

Arthritis is generally classified into four main categories: degenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and infectious.

Degenerative Arthritis: Also called osteoarthritis, this form develops from cartilage deterioration or injury, leading to bone-on-bone contact, swelling, and discomfort. Weak joints can become unstable. Common causes include ligament injuries, with management strategies such as heat or cold therapy, gentle exercise, and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Inflammatory Arthritis:

Usually caused by autoimmune responses where the immune system attacks joint tissues, seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Genetics and environmental factors influence its development. Disease-modifying medications help control inflammation and improve joint health.

Metabolic Arthritis: High uric acid levels result in crystal deposits within joints, causing gout. Proper diet, medication, and lifestyle modifications are essential to control uric acid and prevent joint damage.

Infectious Arthritis: Infections from bacteria or viruses can infect joints, often due to foodborne illnesses or sexually transmitted infections, leading to inflammation. Antibiotics are typically effective, although chronic infections may develop.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosis involves medical history, imaging, and laboratory tests, often coordinated by a rheumatologist. If medications and therapies are ineffective, surgical options like joint replacement may be considered. Alternative treatments can supplement conventional medicine for comprehensive care.