Lymphoma is a type of cancer affecting the lymphatic system, caused by abnormal lymphocyte growth. It includes Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s types, each with specific causes and symptoms. Recognizing early signs like swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, and night sweats is crucial for timely diagnosis. Factors such as age, immune system health, and genetic predispositions influence risk. Consulting healthcare providers is vital for proper evaluation and treatment.

Comprehensive Overview of Lymphoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors

Lymphoma is a malignant disease that originates in the lymphatic system, a key component of immune function. This system includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. It results from abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. The disease can appear anywhere in the body, often with no early signs, underscoring the importance of early detection.

Lymphoma divides mainly into Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s types, which involve different lymphocyte types.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is characterized by genetic mutations in B lymphocytes, often associated with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), leading to Reed-Sternberg cell development. These mutations alter DNA, affecting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Risk factors include age (especially 20s and late 50s), male gender, family history, weakened immunity after surgery, and autoimmune conditions. Subtypes include nodular sclerosing and mixed cellularity lymphoma.

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma has less understood causes but involves genetic rearrangements, infections like EBV and HIV, chronic inflammatory diseases such as Crohn’s, immune deficiencies, and inherited genetic mutations.

Key Symptoms

Swelling: Painless lumps in neck, armpits, or groin indicating abnormal lymphocyte activity.

Weight Loss: Significant unintentional weight decrease over 5% suggests disease progression.

Fever: Ongoing fever without explanation, often accompanied by sweating.

Night Sweats: Excessive sweating during nighttime hours which may be a sign of lymphoma.

Fatigue: Persistent weakness due to immune system strain from rapid cell growth.

Note: This article provides general information. For accurate diagnosis and treatment, consulting healthcare professionals is essential. Online content is not a medical substitute. The website is not liable for errors or discrepancies.