Amyloidosis is a rare but serious disease involving abnormal protein buildup in organs, leading to potential failure. Recognizing symptoms like heart issues, weight loss, and nerve problems is crucial for early diagnosis. Types vary from inherited to those related to chronic illnesses or dialysis. While incurable, treatments aim to control symptoms and slow progression, emphasizing the importance of medical intervention.

Amyloidosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors Explained

Amyloidosis is an uncommon disease marked by deposits of abnormal protein, known as amyloid, accumulating in tissues and organs. These proteins originate from the bone marrow and can affect areas such as the heart, liver, spleen, nerves, and digestive system. The extent of organ involvement determines disease severity, which can lead to organ failure and serious health complications.

Anyone can develop amyloidosis, with symptoms depending on the affected organs. It often hits the kidneys—causing protein leakage—and the heart—leading to breathing problems. Nervous system issues may include numbness and tingling sensations. Age, chronic illnesses, and genetic predispositions increase susceptibility.

Older adults, particularly between ages 60-70, are at greater risk of AL amyloidosis, which results from abnormal immune proteins produced in the bone marrow. Genetic factors may also contribute. Those with persistent infections or inflammatory diseases are more vulnerable to AA amyloidosis. Men are more frequently affected, and patients on long-term dialysis may develop amyloid deposits. Types include:

AL Amyloidosis: The main form, affecting kidneys, heart, skin, and nerves, caused by irregular antibody production in the bone marrow.

Hereditary Amyloidosis: An inherited condition linked to genetic mutations, impacting organs variably depending on genetic factors.

Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis: Occurs after extended dialysis, due to protein deposits in tendons and joints, causing stiffness and conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome.

AA Amyloidosis: Usually secondary to chronic inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, affecting multiple organs including kidneys and liver.

Initial symptoms may be subtle but become noticeable as the disease advances. Common signs include irregular heartbeat, unexplained weight loss, skin changes, numbness, weakness, enlarged tongue, digestive issues, breathing difficulties, and joint swelling. Although no cure exists, treatments focus on managing symptoms and limiting amyloid production.