The book examines the role of credit rating agencies (CRAs) in the subprime mortgage crisis. The CRAs are blamed for awarding risky securities ‘3-A’ investment grade status and then failing to downgrade them quickly enough when circumstances changed, which led to investors suffering substantial losses. The causes identified by the regulators for the gatekeeper failure were conflicts of interest (as the issuers of these securities pay for the ratings); lack of competition (as the Big Three CRAs have dominated the market share); and lack of regulation for CRAs. The book examines how the regulators, both in the US and EU, have sought to address these problems by introducing soft law self-regulation in accordance with the International Organisation of Securities Commissions Code and hard law statutory regulation, such as that found in the “Reform Act” and “Dodd-Frank Act” in the US and similar provisions in the EU. The highly topical book examines these provisions in detail by using a doctrinal black-letter law method to assess the success of the regulators in redressing the problems identified. It also examines the US case law regulation relating to the legal liability of CRAs. The book examines whether the regulations introduced have had a deterrent effect on the actions of CRAs, whether investors are compensated for their losses, and how the regulators have dealt with the issues of conflicts of interest and an anti-competitive environment. Should liability be introduced for CRAs through changes in the law so as to compel them to issue reliable ratings and solve the current problems? The book seeks to simplify the complex issues involved and is backed by concrete evidence; as such, it will appeal to both the well-informed and the lay general public who are interested in learning more about the role of CRAs in the sub-prime mortgage crisis and regulators’ attempts to remedy the situation. Novice readers can familiarise themselves with the legal and financial terminology used by referring to the glossary at the end of the book.

Find RAPID RESULTS Credit Repair Credit Dispute Letter System by John Harris in Paperback and other formats in Law > Business & Financial.

Find Stop Paying Your Credit Cards by Arthur V. Prosper in Paperback and other formats in Self-Help > Personal Growth - Success.

Find Credit Repair Secrets (from the Credit Doctor) by Daniel Rosen in Paperback and other formats in Business & Economics > Finance - General.

In this book, two of America's leading economists provide the first integrated treatment of the conceptual, practical, and empirical foundations for credit risk pricing and risk measurement. Masterfully applying theory to practice, Darrell Duffie and Kenneth Singleton model credit risk for the purpose of measuring portfolio risk and pricing defaultable bonds, credit derivatives, and other securities exposed to credit risk. The methodological rigor, scope, and sophistication of their state-of-the-art account is unparalleled, and its singularly in-depth treatment of pricing and credit derivatives further illuminates a problem that has drawn much attention in an era when financial institutions the world over are revising their credit management strategies. Duffie and Singleton offer critical assessments of alternative approaches to credit-risk modeling, while highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of current practice. Their approach blends in-depth discussions of the conceptual foundations of modeling with extensive analyses of the empirical properties of such credit-related time series as default probabilities, recoveries, ratings transitions, and yield spreads. Both the "structura" and "reduced-form" approaches to pricing defaultable securities are presented, and their comparative fits to historical data are assessed. The authors also provide a comprehensive treatment of the pricing of credit derivatives, including credit swaps, collateralized debt obligations, credit guarantees, lines of credit, and spread options. Not least, they describe certain enhancements to current pricing and management practices that, they argue, will better position financial institutions for future changes in the financial markets. Credit Risk is an indispensable resource for risk managers, traders or regulators dealing with financial products with a significant credit risk component, as well as for academic researchers and students.

CBS-News reports on five hidden credit card fee pitfalls and advises consumers to shop around for the most fair credit card.

Each issuer has different criteria for approving credit cards, so if you can't apply for a new card, something is probably not right.

Many people have a question, China's mobile payment is very developed, why does the United States still like to use credit cards so much? What is the reason for this difference? If I go to the United States, how do I use credit cards?

Anyone who has ever used a credit card knows that a credit card can be a good thing or a bad thing. While they provide financial flexibility when needed, they can also lead to difficult financial burdens if used inappropriately. Before reloading again, please consider the suggestions in this article, and you will have a full new understanding of the potential that these tools offer.

Many college students rely on debit cards, mobile payments or cash.

It is essential to apply for a credit card to live in the United States.

​When the first time we applying for a credit card, we may feel a little nervous. Because there is always a frustrating possibility that it will not be approved. Here is a step by step guide on how to get an approved credit card. With this guidlines you can increase your chances of success.

We have summarized several common types of credit card fraud and preventive measures for your reference and reference.

U.S. Representative Slaughter introduced the College Student Credit Card Protection Act in 1999 and 2001.

In 1999, the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) initiated widespread media coverage of the credit card problem among college students, provoking a strong social reaction.

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