This article discusses the main causes and risk factors of chronic dry eye disease, including aging, hormonal changes, medications, health conditions, and environmental influences. Understanding these factors is vital for early detection and prevention, helping individuals manage symptoms and maintain ocular health effectively.

Persistent dry eye occurs when the eyes fail to produce sufficient tears or when tears lack the quality needed for proper lubrication and nourishment. Commonly known as dry eye syndrome, this condition can lead to discomfort and blurry vision.

Knowing the root causes helps individuals recognize symptoms early and seek timely treatment. Awareness also enables preventive actions to lower risk factors.

Primary causes of dry eye

Multiple factors can cause dry eye, including:

The aging process naturally reduces tear production, causing dryness and irritation.

Hormonal changes, especially in women due to pregnancy, menopause, or contraceptive pills, increase vulnerability.

Certain drugs like antihistamines, nasal decongestants, antidepressants, and antihypertensives can decrease tear output.

Existing health issues such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, or thyroid conditions elevate dry eye risk.

Inflammation of eyelids or the ocular surface, along with eyelid malpositions, also contribute to dryness.

Environmental exposures like wind, dry weather, or smoke can worsen symptoms.

Addressing preventable causes and consulting medical experts promptly are key to managing dry eye effectively.