Neonatal sepsis is a serious infection impacting infants within the first three months. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are vital, with symptoms ranging from temperature swings to lethargy. Factors include maternal infections and environmental exposures. Early recognition and prompt medical care can significantly improve outcomes, emphasizing the importance of vigilant monitoring and vaccination.

Neonatal Sepsis: Key Causes, Early Signs, and Risk Factors

Neonatal sepsis is a critical infection affecting newborns within their first three months. Due to their underdeveloped immune systems, infants are highly susceptible to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections that can cause sepsis. Rapid progression makes early diagnosis and treatment crucial.

How neonatal sepsis occurs
It is categorized into early-onset, appearing within 24 hours of birth, often linked to preterm delivery, and late-onset, which develops after one month, usually from environmental exposure.

Several factors contribute to neonatal sepsis, including:

Infections in the mother during pregnancy

Prolonged water rupture or labor delays

Exposure to contaminated settings or individuals

Pathogens responsible for sepsis include Candida, E. coli, herpes simplex virus, respiratory viruses, Listeria monocytogenes, rubella, Haemophilus influenzae type B, and varicella. Missing essential vaccines within the first month can raise vulnerability.

Identifying sepsis early can be difficult as symptoms are subtle. Caregivers should watch for:

Sudden changes in body temperature

Irregular heartbeat

Refusal to feed or decreased sucking

Low urination output

Important additional signs include:

Diarrhea or vomiting

Swollen belly

Lethargy or reduced activity

Seizures

Skin color changes like pallor or rash

Persistent fussiness or irritability

If any of these signs are observed, prompt consultation with a pediatrician is essential. Treatment involves antibiotics, fluids, oxygen support, and ongoing care, potentially lasting several weeks based on severity.