This article explores the main types of lung cancer, including NSCLC and SCLC, detailing their characteristics and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and personalized care strategies to improve patient outcomes.

Different Variants of Lung Cancer and How They Are Treated

Lung cancer manifests in several forms, each requiring tailored treatment approaches.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Accounting for about 85% of cases, NSCLC includes adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and large cell carcinomas. Adenocarcinomas tend to grow slowly, often appearing on the outer edges of the lungs. While common in non-smokers, most patients with this type have a smoking history. Squamous cell carcinomas typically develop in the central lung regions, whereas large cell carcinomas can appear anywhere within the lungs.

Treatment options for NSCLC depend on the cancer stage. Early detection may allow surgical removal of tumors, complemented by radiation or chemotherapy. Advanced stages might involve combined therapies such as radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy. When cancer spreads beyond the lungs to the chest, diaphragm, or lymph nodes, surgery is less effective, and treatment focuses on symptom control and slowing disease progression.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Primarily treated with chemotherapy and radiation, especially in early stages. Due to its rapid spread, later stages may include brain radiation therapy because SCLC frequently metastasizes to the brain, even when no visible tumors are present initially.

When lung cancer extends beyond the lung and chest cavity, it is classified as metastatic, which carries a less favorable prognosis with an average survival of around eight months. Patients should consult their healthcare team to explore treatment options, considering quality of life and personal preferences. Some pursue aggressive treatments, while others prioritize comfort and time with loved ones.