This article explains the different types of blood thinners, including anticoagulants and antiplatelets, their functions in preventing blood clots, and important precautions. It highlights the benefits of these medications in reducing stroke and heart attack risks and emphasizes safety tips for those on blood-thinning therapy.

What Are Blood Thinners?

Blood thinners are medications designed to improve circulation by preventing the formation and growth of blood clots. They are commonly prescribed for individuals with heart conditions or clotting disorders to reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks. While they may cause side effects, their protective benefits are significant. Understanding their action and potential impact on your body is essential before beginning treatment.

Types of Blood Thinners:

Anticoagulants: These inhibit blood's ability to clot. Examples include:

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

Apixaban (Eliquis)

Fondaparinux (Arixtra)

Edoxaban (Savaysa)

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Heparin (Innohep, Fragmin, Lovenox)

Warfarin (Jantoven, Coumadin)

Heparin and Fondaparinux are injections or administered intravenously. Antiplatelet drugs, such as:

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Aspirin

Prasugrel (Effient)

Dipyridamole (Persantine)

prevent existing clots from enlarging but do not dissolve them, and primarily work to stop new clot formation by preventing platelets from sticking together.

Rather than truly thinning the blood, these medications reduce clotting tendency. They influence vitamin K activity, which is vital for clotting protein production. Anticoagulants decrease vitamin K’s role, lowering clot formation, while antiplatelets prevent platelets from aggregating.

Precautions and Side Effects:

While on blood thinners, it’s crucial to avoid injuries to reduce bleeding risks. Signs of complications include heavy bleeding, blood in urine or stool, nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or symptoms like weakness, dizziness, severe headaches, or stomach pain. Consult your healthcare provider before making dietary changes, especially regarding vitamin K-rich foods like leafy greens. Never modify or start new medications without medical advice.