Explore the top three common eye conditions—glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy—and understand their symptoms, risk factors, and effects on vision. Early detection and medical care are vital to preserving eye health and preventing vision loss.

Eye health can be affected by various disorders that, if ignored, might cause partial or total vision loss. While some conditions are minor and improve with simple care, others demand immediate medical intervention. This article explores the three most widespread eye conditions, outlining their symptoms, risk factors, and impact on visual health.

Glaucoma
As the second leading cause of permanent blindness globally, glaucoma involves increased eye pressure due to fluid buildup in the front part of the eye, harming the optic nerve over time.

Signs and Symptoms
Often, glaucoma progresses without noticeable symptoms. When symptoms appear, they may include:

Nausea and headaches

Blurred or foggy vision

Severe eye pain and redness

Bright rings around lights

Eye tenderness

Risk Factors

Ethnicity, notably African descent, with higher risk

Family history of eye issues

Age over 60, or over 40 for certain groups

Pre-existing eye conditions like nearsightedness

Diabetes increases glaucoma risk

Cataracts
Caused by clouding of the eye's lens, cataracts gradually impair vision, resulting in a foggy or blurry appearance. If untreated, they can cause blindness.

Signs and Symptoms
Typical signs include:

Cloudy or blurry vision

Colors appearing muted

Glare and sensitivity to bright lights

Difficulty seeing in dim environments

Risk Factors

Older age, but also can occur in infants and children

Genetic predisposition

Heavy alcohol or steroid intake

Diabetes

Diabetic Retinopathy
This diabetes complication damages retinal blood vessels and may lead to vision loss if not managed. Early stages often show no symptoms.

Risk Factors

High blood sugar levels in diabetics

Ethnic groups such as African-American, Native American, and Hispanic populations

Pregnancy increases risk in women

High cholesterol and blood pressure elevate susceptibility

Note: This content is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Consult healthcare professionals for diagnosis and treatment guidance.