This article offers an in-depth look at heartburn and GERD, covering causes, stages, diagnosis, and effective prevention methods to maintain esophageal health.

Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are closely related but distinct conditions. Heartburn manifests as a burning sensation caused by stomach acid rising into the esophagus, while frequent occurrences often signal GERD. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases estimates that nearly 20% of people experience these symptoms. GERD develops through various stages, from mild and intermittent issues to severe esophageal damage or even cancer. Diagnosis may include physical assessments, endoscopy, or acid monitoring. Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding irritant foods are key to prevention. Timely medical intervention helps manage symptoms and prevents progression.