This article offers an in-depth look at rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting its causes, symptoms, and affected areas. It emphasizes the role of genetics and environmental factors and provides guidance on recognizing early signs. Aimed at increasing awareness, the content encourages consulting healthcare professionals for accurate diagnosis and treatment options.

Comprehensive Overview of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes and Signs

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly targets joint tissues, causing inflammation. This inflammation thickens the synovial lining, leading to pain and potential cartilage damage, which decreases joint flexibility. Commonly affected joints include the hands, wrists, elbows, knees, and ankles. RA can also affect internal organs such as the lungs and heart, making it a systemic disease.

The precise cause remains unknown, but genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences are involved. Certain genes like HLA, along with STAT4, TRAF1, C5, and PTPN22, increase susceptibility by affecting immune response and inflammation regulation.

The reasons behind immune system malfunction remain unclear, but genetics, hormones, and environmental factors contribute. Not everyone with risk genes develops RA, and some without these genes can still be affected. Early symptoms often include joint pain and tenderness without visible swelling. Typical signs are persistent joint discomfort, morning stiffness, fatigue, decreased appetite, and occasional low-grade fever. Flare-ups can last from days to months, indicating increased disease activity.

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