Diverticulitis involves inflamed pouches in the colon, with symptoms like lower abdominal pain, digestive changes, fever, and bleeding. Early diagnosis through medical exams and imaging is crucial. Treatment varies from antibiotics to hospitalization, with lifestyle modifications aiding recovery. Recognizing symptoms promptly can prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Signs and Symptoms of Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis occurs when small, pouch-like structures called diverticula, which develop along the colon wall, become inflamed or infected. Initially called diverticulosis, this condition progresses to diverticulitis when inflammation sets in.

Causes and Risk Factors Primarily affecting older populations, the exact cause remains unclear. However, a diet low in fiber is a major contributor, as it leads to harder stools and increased pressure in the colon, promoting pouch formation. Consuming high-fiber foods and staying well-hydrated can help prevent the condition by easing stool passage and reducing colon stress.

Common symptoms of diverticulitis include persistent lower-left abdominal pain, often starting below the navel and extending downward. The pain may worsen after eating or bowel movements but may temporarily improve afterward. Typical signs include:

Changes in bowel habits, including constipation or diarrhea

Bloating and excessive gas

Loss of appetite

Nausea and occasional vomiting

Fever over 38°C (100.4°F) with chills

Cramps

Mild rectal bleeding, usually red or purple, may occur but often resolves without treatment. If untreated, diverticulitis can cause severe complications like worsening pain, high fever, vomiting, swelling, or rectal bleeding. Seek urgent medical care if experiencing intense lower abdominal pain or bleeding, as these signs may indicate serious issues.

Substantial weight loss is uncommon, but significant changes in bowel habits, bleeding, or ongoing symptoms should prompt a healthcare consultation.

Diagnosis Methods Doctors analyze symptoms and perform physical exams, including digital rectal checks for pain or bleeding. Blood tests often show increased white blood cells, suggesting infection. Imaging like CT scans visualizes inflamed diverticula, while colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy provides direct insight into the colon interior. These tests are generally safe and performed under sedation.

Diverticulitis Treatment Depending on severity, treatment can be outpatient or inpatient. Mild cases often improve with rest, a liquid diet initially, and prescribed antibiotics. Gradually, solid foods are reintroduced as monitored by a doctor. Complete recovery may take weeks or months, with dietary and lifestyle adjustments helping prevent future episodes.