Discover key insights about fibromyalgia, including its causes, symptoms, risk factors, and how it impacts daily life. Learn who is most vulnerable and the importance of consulting healthcare professionals for proper management of this chronic condition.

Comprehensive Overview of Fibromyalgia: Symptoms, Causes, and Effects

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread muscle and joint pain, accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, headaches, and cognitive issues. It results from abnormalities in how the central nervous system processes pain signals, causing increased sensitivity. Disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may also contribute to sleep problems. The peripheral nervous system could play a role in the condition as well.

Globally, approximately 2.7% of people are affected by fibromyalgia, with women being three times more likely to develop it than men.

Although anyone can develop fibromyalgia at any age, it is most common among middle-aged women. According to the CDC, the average healthcare expenditure per patient is around $9,573 annually. It is the second most prevalent rheumatic disorder after osteoarthritis and can significantly affect daily functioning, employment, and relationships. Studies show that 35% of individuals experience challenges with daily activities.

The disorder manifests as widespread muscular and joint pain, often with mood swings, memory concerns, sleep issues, and exhaustion. It likely enhances pain perception by altering brain response to pain stimuli.

Patients often report tender points—specific sensitive areas around joints that cause pain when pressed. There are 18 known tender points (nine pairs), commonly found beneath the skin near shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, back, chest, and neck. These small, penny-sized spots become tender with pressure.

Who Is Most Susceptible?
Evidence suggests that women are predominantly affected by fibromyalgia, accounting for up to 90% of cases. Hormonal fluctuations may play a role in this disparity. While men and children can have the condition, women remain the most diagnosed group. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, about 2% of Americans, roughly five million people, suffer from fibromyalgia, with only a small percentage being men. The condition is more prevalent during middle age and later years.

Important Reminder:
The details shared about symptoms and treatments are intended for informational purposes only. They are not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and personalized treatment options.