Bladder cancer is increasingly common, especially among men. It begins in urothelial cells and can be either malignant or benign. Early diagnosis is crucial and involves recognizing symptoms like blood in urine, pain during urination, and frequent urination. Types include urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, among others. Timely medical attention can significantly improve prognosis.

An Overview of Bladder Cancer: Types and Symptoms

Bladder cancer incidence is increasing, ranking among the most common cancers in the United States. Men are at a higher risk than women. The disease develops when the lining cells of the bladder, called urothelial cells, grow uncontrollably, creating a tumor. These tumors can be malignant, invading adjacent tissues, or benign, remaining localized. Early detection through recognizing symptoms can improve treatment outcomes.

Types of bladder cancer

Urothelial Carcinoma: The most common, representing about 90% of cases, originating in transitional bladder lining cells.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Caused by chronic irritation or inflammation, making up around 4% of cases.

Adenocarcinoma: Develops from glandular cells, accounting for roughly 2% of cases.

Sarcoma and Small Cell Carcinoma: Rare variants, with small cell spreading rapidly, and sarcomas originating from muscle or fat tissue.

Symptoms to watch for

Blood in the urine, which can appear bright red or dark.

Painful, burning, or irritated sensations during urination.

Changes in urine color or appearance.

Difficulty urinating despite a full bladder.

Increased frequency of urination.

Persistent lower back discomfort.

If any of these symptoms are observed, see a healthcare provider promptly for evaluation and treatment.