This article provides an in-depth overview of pulmonary arterial hypertension, covering its causes, diagnostic process, and various treatment options. Emphasizing early detection and personalized therapy, it aims to inform patients and healthcare professionals about managing this complex condition to improve quality of life.

Comprehensive Guide to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a serious condition characterized by increased pressure in the arteries supplying blood from the heart to the lungs. Narrowing or blockage in these arteries forces the right side of the heart to work harder, potentially leading to heart failure. The disease involves cellular changes causing vessel thickening and inflammation, raising pulmonary pressures. Early detection and customized treatment strategies can significantly enhance patient outcomes.

What causes Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?

The right ventricle pumps blood from the right atrium into the pulmonary arteries, which normally maintain normal pressure levels. In PAH, changes in the pulmonary artery wall lead to thickening and inflammation, disrupting normal flow. PAH is classified into five categories based on underlying causes, including genetic predispositions, idiopathic origins, or secondary to other health conditions.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

After diagnosis, the condition is classified from mild to severe across four stages. Stage I shows no symptoms during daily activities, whereas Stage II patients experience fatigue and breathlessness with routine tasks. Stage III involves limitations during physical activity, and Stage IV patients have symptoms even at rest. Treatment approaches often include vasodilators like Flolan and Veletri to relax blood vessels and improve symptoms. Other drugs like Revatio and Cialis can boost blood flow but may cause side effects such as vision disturbances.