This article delves into the true causes of ADHD, emphasizing genetic and environmental factors. It clarifies common misconceptions and highlights the importance of understanding the neurological basis of the disorder for better diagnosis and management.

ADHD, known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is frequently misconceived as resulting from inadequate parenting or personal laziness. In truth, it stems from a multifaceted interaction of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors influencing brain development. Genetic predisposition is a primary contributor, supported by numerous family, twin, and molecular studies. Environmental exposures, such as toxins like tobacco, alcohol, or lead during pregnancy or early childhood, also play a role. Conditions like brain injuries may sometimes be linked, but misconceptions about diet or hormones causing ADHD have been dispelled by research.

The heritable aspect of ADHD is well-established, with studies showing strong genetic links. Research involving families and twins highlights its hereditary nature, especially with higher concordance among identical twins. Key genes related to dopamine regulation, including DAT1 and DRD4, have been identified. Prenatal exposure to harmful substances can disrupt brain development, increasing ADHD risk. Nonetheless, trauma and brain injuries are infrequent causes. Myths about diet or hormonal influences are unsupported by scientific evidence.