This guide explains vertebral compression fractures, highlighting their symptoms, causes, and various treatment options. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for effective recovery, especially in cases linked to osteoporosis or injury. The article covers diagnostic methods and both surgical and non-surgical therapies, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and home care strategies for optimal outcomes.

Vertebral compression fractures occur when spinal vertebrae collapse under pressure, often taking on a wedge shape due to vertebral body failure. Multiple fractures can lead to kyphosis, resulting in height reduction and spinal deformity, primarily in the mid and lower back regions. Symptoms might include pain, stiffness, weakness, or numbness, although some individuals remain asymptomatic. Major causes are osteoporosis, weakened bones, or traumatic injury. Factors such as advanced age, race, and osteoporosis increase risk. Diagnosis is achieved through X-rays, MRIs, CT scans, or bone scans. Treatment options include pain control, bracing, or procedures like kyphoplasty, along with home care measures like icing, rest, and proper nutrition. Early intervention promotes better recovery, with healing generally taking 3–6 months.