This article offers an overview of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), focusing on its development, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment advancements. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and modern targeted therapies in improving patient outcomes, especially with the rising incidence in specific demographics. Ideal for those seeking comprehensive understanding of CML and current management strategies.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a blood malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled expansion of white blood cells. It results from the overproduction of myeloid cells within the bone marrow, which spill into the bloodstream. As a disorder of stem cells, CML involves increased levels of mature neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in 2001, treatment outcomes have greatly improved, leading to longer survival rates compared to traditional chemotherapy. Currently, the 5-year survival rate for adults exceeds 70%, thanks to ongoing advancements in targeted treatment options.

Cases among children are increasing roughly 5% annually. The condition is more prevalent among men, particularly those over 65. Known risk factors include exposure to radiation, common in radiation workers, scientists, or atomic bombing survivors. CML unfolds through three stages: chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis. Most diagnoses occur during the chronic phase, which presents mild symptoms like fatigue, localized pain, or joint discomfort. Without intervention, the disease progresses to the accelerated phase with abnormal blood cell counts, culminating in the blast crisis stage, which resembles acute leukemia and has limited treatment prospects. Early detection and targeted therapies are vital for successful management.

Note: Our blog provides medical insights, but always consult healthcare professionals for personalized advice. The information here is educational and may not reflect the latest treatment standards or individual conditions.