This article outlines the key signs and symptoms of emphysema, a chronic lung disease caused by long-term irritant exposure. It highlights early warning signs and the importance of prevention. Understanding these indicators can lead to timely diagnosis and management, reducing complications and improving quality of life for sufferers.

Emphysema is a progressive lung condition caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, industrial fumes, or environmental pollutants. These substances lead to the tightening and permanent contraction of airway muscles, and the bronchiole lining produces excess mucus to trap harmful particles. This process hampers airflow and can cause alveoli rupture when coughing forcefully. Symptoms often include shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, chronic cough, and fatigue. In advanced stages, symptoms escalate to cyanosis, recurrent infections, weight loss, and the formation of large air sacs called bullae, sometimes necessitating surgical treatment. Preventing exposure to irritants is vital for avoiding the disease.

Chronic inhalation of harmful substances causes lung tissue damage

Signs include persistent cough, wheezing, and breathing difficulty

Severe cases may require oxygen therapy or surgical procedures

Preventive efforts focus on minimizing exposure to irritants