This article provides a comprehensive overview of Alzheimer’s disease, including its causes, symptoms, and the underlying mechanisms. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and personalized care, as well as ongoing research efforts to develop effective treatments for this neurodegenerative disorder, primarily impacting older adults.

Alzheimer’s disease is the primary cause of dementia worldwide, characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities. This neurodegenerative disorder progressively harms brain cells, leading to issues with memory, reasoning, and behavior. Key features include the buildup of amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, mainly in areas responsible for memory and thinking skills. Though the exact cause is not fully understood, early signs often include short-term memory loss and behavioral shifts. Currently, no cure exists, but treatments focus on slowing progression. Early detection and tailored care are essential for better management.

Primarily affecting those over 60 years old, Alzheimer’s results in decreased independence as it advances. It destroys neural connections, causing brain shrinkage and functional decline. Its complex pathology involves plaque accumulation and neuronal disconnection, impairing brain communication pathways. Some rare forms due to genetic factors include early-onset variants. A better understanding of these processes supports the development of future therapies and improved patient care.

Besides typical Alzheimer’s, rarer types like Primary Progressive Aphasia affect language abilities with minimal memory issues initially. Recognizing these atypical forms enables earlier diagnosis and targeted treatment. Ongoing research aims to uncover the root causes of the disease to develop effective treatments and preventive strategies.