This article explores the causes of migraines, highlighting genetic and environmental factors, and discusses various treatments including medications and innovative therapies like neurostimulation devices to effectively manage and prevent migraine attacks.

While the origins of migraines are not fully understood, they are believed to result from activation of facial nerves, mainly the trigeminal nerve. This nerve influences pain perception and vascular responses in the head, leading to pain sensations. Common triggers include stress, bright lights, sleep disturbances, certain foods, vigorous exercise, and hormonal shifts. Genetics also contribute, with mutations in numerous genes affecting nerve and blood vessel functions linked to migraine susceptibility. Management strategies encompass preventive drugs like flunarizine and topiramate, along with acute treatments such as NSAIDs, triptans, and advanced therapies like CGRP antibodies. Additionally, non-pharmacological approaches like neurostimulation devices offer effective relief options.